History

Few career opportunities were available to minority women in Appalachia in the first half of the 20th century. Nursing offered them a respected, relatively well paid profession and their work was important in challenging healthcare inequities in the region.

This study presents the first broad coverage of Indian experiences in the American Revolution rather than Indian participation as allies or enemies of contending parties. Colin Calloway focuses on eight Indian communities as he explores how the Revolution often translated into war among Indians and their own struggles for independence. Drawing on British, American, Canadian and Spanish records, Calloway shows how Native Americans pursued different strategies, endured a variety of experiences, but were bequeathed a common legacy as result of the Revolution.

From the time they established formal ties with Great Britain in 1730, the Cherokees had a rocky relationship with whites. They found grounds for dispute over trade practices, territorial control, and the complicated loyalties among the various Indian tribes and European powers. Over the years, the Cherokees struggled to maintain their ancient traditions as the tribe was assimilated into the white man's culture.

The Algonquian Voices of the Roanoke Voyages explores the often-overlooked role of Algonquian-speaking peoples in early American history, particularly during the Roanoke Voyages. Highlighting figures like Manteo, who traveled to England and learned English, the book provides a detailed account of Algonquians by name, shedding light on their identities, experiences, and interactions with English settlers in 16th-century North Carolina.

Ned Blackhawk’s The Rediscovery of America challenges traditional U.S. history by centering Native American experiences. Tracing five centuries of Indigenous survival, struggle, and resurgence—from Spanish colonization to modern self-determination—Blackhawk highlights the essential role of Native nations in shaping America’s past and present.

"This work chronicles two treks of Richard Traunter's through the Native Southeast in the late seventeenth century, when a smallpox epidemic was killing unprecedented numbers of Indians, and when the Indian slave trade was contributing to depopulation. Traunter was a trader who made pacts with several Indian nations to increase profits for himself and his employer, William Byrd I, and by extension, to advance the English colonial enterprise"-- Provided by publisher.

Provides a collection of letters, military records, journal excerpts, and other firsthand accounts documenting the fate of the Cherokee Indians after the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

This collection of essays profiles a diverse array of North Carolinians, all of whom had a hand in the founding of the state and the USA. Together, the essays reveal the philosophical views and ideology of North Carolina's revolutionaries.

hese are the stories of the women who worked as spies, as daughters of the regiments, or, disguised, as male soldiers to play their heroic part in the Civil War. Here are the stories of Belle Boyd, a proud Confederate loyalist and key player in Stonewall Jackson's struggle to hold the Shenandoah Valley, army woman Annie Etheridge, whose four long years of courageous work on the field earned her a Kearney Cross for bravery, Sarah Emma Edmonds, who enlisted as "Franklin Thompson," remained with her regiment as a much respected soldier for two years, and fought at Fredricksburg and elsewhere; and many other courageous women.

Infinitely readable and absorbing, Pulitzer Prize-winner Bruce Catton’s The Civil War is one of the most widely read general histories of the war available in a single volume. Introduced by the critically acclaimed Civil War historian James M. McPherson, The Civil War vividly traces one of the most moving chapters in American history, from the early division between the North and the South to the final surrender of Confederate troops. Catton's account of battles is a must-read for anyone interested in the war that divided America, carefully weaving details about the political activities of the Union and Confederate armies and diplomatic efforts overseas.

Surveys key documents produced during the Civil War with special attention devoted to the war-time policies of President Abraham Lincoln and the 37th US Congress. A special feature of the volumes is the inclusion of letters and diaries by soldiers and civilians writing about their experiences. The two volumes are organized into several chapters that cover the progress of the war beginning with early debates on secession, through wartime events on the political and battle fronts and concludes with a look toward the issues of race and reconstruction.

Presents the complete story of military engagements across the state, including the classical pitched battle of Bentonville, the siege of Fort Fisher, the amphibious campaigns on the coast, and cavalry sweeps such as Stoneman's raid. From and through North Carolina, men and supplies went to Lee's army in Virginia, making the Tar Heel state critical to Lee's ability to remain in the field during the closing months of the war, when the Union had cut off the West and Gulf South.

Portrait of Lee as a brilliant general, a devoted family man, and principled gentleman who disliked slavery and disagreed with secession, yet who refused command of the Union Army in 1861 because he could not "draw his sword" against his beloved Virginia. Well-rounded and realistic, Clouds of Glory analyzes Lee's command during the Civil War and explores his responsibility for the fatal stalemate at Antietam, his defeat at Gettysburg (as well the many troubling controversies still surrounding it) and ultimately, his failed strategy for winning the war.

On a cold day in early January 1864, Robert E. Lee wrote to Confederate president Jefferson Davis “The time is at hand when, if an attempt can be made to capture the enemy’s forces at New Berne, it should be done.” Over the next few months, Lee’s dispatch would precipitate a momentous series of events as the Confederates, threatened by a supply crisis and an emerging peace movement, sought to seize Federal bases in eastern North Carolina. This book tells the story of these operations—the late war Confederate resurgence in the Old North State.

This biography reevaluates Ulysses S. Grant, moving beyond caricatures of failure or brute military strength to reveal a complex leader. Rising from obscurity, Grant became Lincoln’s most trusted general, defeating Robert E. Lee and securing Union victory. As president, he fought for Black Americans’ rights, combating the Ku Klux Klan and earning Frederick Douglass’s praise, despite his administration’s corruption scandals.

The mountains of western North Carolina never attracted much notice from either side during the Civil War - or from Civil War scholars since. But as this book reveals, how the region endured those four years of conflict tells us much about the dynamics of the Confederate home front and about the social, political, and economic complexities of Southern Appalachian society in the mind-nineteenth century.

Delving into several familiar wartime diaries kept by women of the southern slave-owning class, Steven Stowe recaptures their motivations to keep the days close even as war tore apart the brutal system of slavery that had benefited them. Whether the diarists recorded thoughts about themselves, their opinions about men, or their observations about slavery, race, and warfare, Stowe shows how these women, by writing the immediate moment, found meaning in a changing world.

In studying the inner lives of these unsympathetic characters, Stowe also explores the importance—and the limits—of historical empathy as a condition for knowing the past, demonstrating how these plain, first-draft texts can offer new ways to make sense of the world in which these Confederate women lived. [from Amazon description]

"In the Southern Appalachian Mountains, no character was more loved or despised than Union officer George W. Kirk. He led a group of deserters on numerous raids between Tennessee and North Carolina in 1863. At Camp Vance in Morganton, Kirk's mounted raiders showcased guerrilla warfare penetrating deep within Confederate territory. As Home Guards struggled to keep Western North Carolina communities safe, Kirk's men brought fear throughout the region for their ability to strike and create havoc without warning. Civil War historian Michael C. Hardy examines the infamous history of George W. Kirk and the Civil War along the Blue Ridge."--provided by publisher.

Enjoying the freedom afforded her while dressing as a boy in order to earn higher pay after emigrating from Ireland, Jennie Hodgers serves in the 95th Illinois Infantry as Private Albert Cashier, a Union soldier in the American Civil War.

A history of the division among state leaders surrounding secession, and those who opposed it before the Civil War. This book tells the story of those state leaders in North Carolina who remained loyal to the Union, because they saw the potential for compromise with Northern states.

This compelling anthology, compiled and edited by the son of a Confederate soldier, recreates life in the South during that terrible struggle, both on and off the battlefield.

Captain John Smith was one of the most insightful and colorful writers to visit America in the colonial period. While his first venture was in Virginia, some of his most important work concerned New England and the colonial enterprise as a whole. Included here is a selection and thematic arrangement of Smith's most important writings

A comprehensive collection of primary documents gives voice to the men and women, Amerindian, African, and European, who together forged a new world. These compelling narratives address the major themes of early modern colonialism from the perspective of the people who lived at the time.

Defining Documents offers a broad range of historical documents on important authors and subjects in American history. Each two-volume title, designed in consultation with an expert in the field, contains approximately 80 primary source documents with an in-depth critical analysis. A

In these 2 volumes Mr Barbour has collected all the known documents relating to the Jamestown voyages during the life of the original charter. He has annotated them and translated those written in languages other than English. In his introduction he reviews the early sources, in particular books about the early history of the colony written by emigrants. This collection gives a graphic and fascinating contemporary picture of the first few years of the colony out of which the United States was destined to grow. Includes a combined list of names of the original planters up to about 1 October 1608.

In this gripping account based on new archival material, colonial historian James Horn tells for the first time the complete story of what happened to the Roanoke colonists and their descendants.

The Algonquian Voices of the Roanoke Voyages explores the often-overlooked role of Algonquian-speaking peoples in early American history, particularly during the Roanoke Voyages. Highlighting figures like Manteo, who traveled to England and learned English, the book provides a detailed account of Algonquians by name, shedding light on their identities, experiences, and interactions with English settlers in 16th-century North Carolina.

Neither naïve nor innocent, Indians like Pocahontas and her father, the powerful king Powhatan, confronted the vast might of the English with sophistication, diplomacy, and violence. Indeed, Pocahontas's life is a testament to the subtle intelligence that Native Americans, always aware of their material disadvantages, brought against the military power of the colonizing English. Resistance, espionage, collaboration, deception: Pocahontas's life is here shown as a road map to Native American strategies of defiance exercised in the face of overwhelming odds and in the hope for a semblance of independence worth the name.

Documents to Illustrate the English Voyages to North America Under the Patent Granted to Walter Raleigh in 1584 (Works Issued By the Haklut Society, 2nd Ser., No. 104.): Monumental two-volume treasury chronicles first serious English attempts to explore and colonize North America. Authentic documents include patents, signet letters, and Raleigh s History of the World , many other sources. Each document introduced and annotated

Drawing on new discoveries, neglected sources and manuscript collections scattered across the world, this book reveals a reckless, daring enterprise led by outcasts of the Old World who found themselves interlopers in a new one.

rovides readers with a new, interesting way to study the impact of the American West on American history. Through in-depth analysis of important primary documents from 1836-1900, readers will gain new insight into the causes, issues and lasting effects of this pivotal time in American history.

The United States, celebrated as a nation of immigrants and the land of the free, has developed the most extensive system of imprisonment and deportation that the world has ever known. The Deportation Express looks back for the roots of the current moment, when a century ago an increasingly powerful government began to imprison and expel unprecedented numbers of people. Drawing on the lives of migrants and the agents who expelled them, it is history told from aboard a deportation train, recounting migrants' journeys around the world and into the carceral state-a troubling and increasingly common American tale

The Emergence of Modern America offers in-depth critical analysis of 60 primary source documents. Articles begin by introducing readers to the document's historical context, followed by a description of the author's life and circumstances in which the document was written. A document analysis, written by professional writers and historians, guides readers in understanding key elements of language, rhetoric, and social and political meaning that define the significance of the author and document in American history.

A sweeping history of the Latinx experience in the United States. The first new edition in ten years of this important study of Latinos in U.S. history, Harvest of Empire spans five centuries--from the European colonization of the Americas to the 2020 election. Latinos are now the largest minority group in the United States, and their impact on American culture and politics is greater than ever. With family portraits of real-life immigrant Latino pioneers, as well as accounts of the events and conditions that compelled them to leave their homelands, Gonzalez highlights the complexity of a segment of the American population that is often discussed but frequently misrepresented. This landmark history is required reading for anyone wishing to understand the history and legacy of this influential and diverse group

Sharing the personal struggles and successes of immigrants, poets, soldiers, and many others, this companion to the PBS miniseries explores the lives of Latino American men and women over a 500-year-span who have made an impact on history.

Explores the lives and history of Hispanic Americans as decendants of the Spanish conquest of the native populations of the New World.

The only reference guide to Supreme Court cases organized both topically and chronologically within chapters so that readers understand how cases fit into a historical context, the 18th edition has been updated with 20 new cases, including landmark decisions on such topics as executive powers, federalism, religious freedom, free speech, LGBTQ rights, and voting rights, among others. Updated through the end of the 2021 Supreme Court session, this book remains and indispensable resource for undergraduate and law school students, lawyers, and everyone interested in our nation's laws and Constitution

The Viking Age--between 750 and 1050--saw an unprecedented expansion of the Scandinavian peoples. As traders and raiders, explorers and colonists, they reshaped the world between eastern North America and the Asian steppe. Based on the latest archaeological and textual evidence, Children of Ash and Elm tells the story of the Vikings on their own terms: their politics, their cosmology, their art and culture. From Björn Ironside, who led an expedition to sack Rome, to Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir, the most traveled woman in the world, Price shows us the real Vikings, not the caricatures they've become in popular culture and history

In the period between 1150 and 1550, an increasing number of Christians in western Europe made pilgrimage to places where material objects -- among them paintings, statues, relics, pieces of wood, earth, stones, and Eucharistic wafers -- allegedly erupted into life by such activities as bleeding, weeping, and walking about. Challenging Christians both to seek ever more frequent encounter with miraculous matter and to turn to an inward piety that rejected material objects of devotion, such phenomena were by the fifteenth century at the heart of religious practice and polemic. In Christian Materiality, Caroline Walker Bynum describes the miracles themselves, discusses the problems they presented for both church authorities and the ordinary faithful, and probes the basic scientific and religious assumptions about matter that lay behind them. She also analyzes the proliferation of religious art in the later Middle Ages and argues that it called attention to its materiality in sophisticated ways that explain both the animation of images and the hostility to them on the part of iconoclasts. Seeing the Christian culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as a paradoxical affirmation of the glory and the threat of the natural world, Bynum's study suggests a new understanding of the background to the sixteenth-century reformations, both Protestant and Catholic. Moving beyond cultural study of "the body"--A field she helped to establish. Bynum argues that Western attitudes toward body and person must be placed in the context of changing conceptions of matter itself. Her study has broad theoretical implications, suggesting a new approach to the study of material culture and religious practice.

The Black Death was a disaster of huge magnitude, shaking medieval Europe and beyond to its economic and social core. Building upon his acclaimed study of 2004, Ole Benedictow here draws upon new scholarship and research to present a comprehensive, definitive account of the Black Death and its impact on European history. The medical and epidemiological characteristics of the disease, its geographical origin, its spread across Asia Minor, the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and Russia, and the mortality in the countries and regions for which there are satisfactory studies, are clearly presented and thoroughly discussed. The pattern, pace and seasonality of the spread of the disease reflect current medical work and standard studies on the epidemiology of bubonic plague. Benedictow's findings make it clear that the true mortality rate was far higher than had been previously thought: some 60% of Europe's population. In the light of those findings, the discussion of the Black Death as a turning point in history takes on a new significance.

When one thinks of women in the Middle Ages, the images that often come to mind are those of damsels in distress, mystics in convents, female laborers in the field, and even women of ill repute. In reality, however, medieval conceptions of womanhood were multifaceted, and women's roles were varied and nuanced. Female stereotypes existed in the medieval world, but so too did women of power and influence. The pages of illuminated manuscripts reveal to us the many facets of medieval womanhood and slices of medieval life--from preoccupations with biblical heroines and saints to courtship, childbirth, and motherhood. While men dominated artistic production, this volume demonstrates the ways in which female artists, authors, and patrons were instrumental in the creation of illuminated manuscripts

This comprehensive survey synthesizes a quarter of a century of research. The author combines an account of the historical background of the period with discussion of the social, economic, cultural and political structures within it. Key topics discussed include: Why the Roman Empire broke down so irrevocably in Western Europe ; How it came to be replaced by radically different political systems ; Why the city-based state structure of antiquity was replaced ; How and why the division between civilians and the military broke down ; The conversion of western Europe to Christianity and the establishment of the church as the central social institution ; What made western Europe's experience so distinctive in this period.

Presents a modern, readable, accurate, and lucid new translation of the Old English Herbarium used by practitioners in Medieval Europe for diagnosing and treating medical conditions. Includes context and explanations from modern specialists in herbalism, botany and medicine and pharmacy.

Offers in-depth analysis of a broad range of historical documents and historic events that shaped law, government, religion, and culture throughout the Middle Ages. The text provides in-depth analysis of more than forty primary source documents to deliver a thorough examination of events.

An engaging journey through the Middle Ages, The Medieval World explores a time of war, invention, exploration and extraordinary endeavour. From the impact of religion on wars such as the Crusades, to the development of the printing press, it delves into the events of this rich and intriguing era. Handsomely illustrated, it explores the creation of dynasties and empires, the daily life of serfs, politics, employment medical advancements, art and literature.

The Paston family papers have long been consulted for their information about social history and politics in the fifteenth century, both within East Anglia and also nationally. Parts I and II of Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, edited by Norman Davis, were originally published by the Clarendon Press in 1971 and 1976, and were reissued with corrections by EETS in 2004. Part III completes the edition. It contains the texts of 120 additional letters and papers, many of them relating to Sir John Fastolf and his circle. These texts are previously unprinted, or printed only in part; some only came to light after the publication of Parts I and II.

Explores vital primary source documents from important world figures from the 15th and 16th centuries, including Thomas Aquinas, Giovanni Boccaccio, Marco Polo, and many more.

In this bold reinterpretation of Women's changing labor status during the late medieval and early modern period, Martha C. Howell argues that women's work was the product of the intersection of two systems, one cultural and one economic. Howell shows forcefully that patriarchal family structure, not capitalist development per se, was a decisive factor in determining women's work. Women could enjoy high labor status if they worked within a family production unit or if their labor did not interfere with their domestic responsibilities or threaten male control of a craft or trade

Helen J. Nicholson surveys women's involvement in medieval crusading between the second half of the eleventh century, when Pope Gregory VII first proposed a penitential military expedition to help the Christians of the East, and 1570, when the last crusader state, Cyprus, was captured by the Ottoman Turks. It considers women's actions not only on crusade battlefields but also in recruiting crusaders, supporting crusades through patronage, propaganda, and prayer, and as both defenders and aggressors. It argues that medieval women were deeply involved in the crusades but the roles that they could play and how their contemporaries recorded their deeds were dictated by social convention and cultural expectations. Although its main focus is the women of Latin Christendom, it also looks at the impact of the crusades and crusaders on the Jews of western Europe and the Muslims of the Middle East, and compares relations between Latin Christians and Muslims with relations between Muslims and other Christian groups

Highlights important primary source historical documents –speeches, letters, manifestos and more –from influential figures during this pivotal century.

Defining Documents offers a broad range of historical documents on important authors and subjects in American history. Each two-volume title, designed in consultation with an expert in the field, contains approximately 80 primary source documents with an in-depth critical analysis. Articles begin by introducing readers to the historical context, followed by a description of the author's life and circumstances in which the document is written. A document analysis, written by professional writers and historians, guides readers in understanding key elements of language, rhetoric, and social and political meaning that define the significance of the author and document in American history. Each title is organized by chapter themes, highlighting major ideas in the period. The series begins with a collection of exploration and colonial documents, and continues to cover every time period in American history.

This study presents the first broad coverage of Indian experiences in the American Revolution rather than Indian participation as allies or enemies of contending parties. Colin Calloway focuses on eight Indian communities as he explores how the Revolution often translated into war among Indians and their own struggles for independence. Drawing on British, American, Canadian and Spanish records, Calloway shows how Native Americans pursued different strategies, endured a variety of experiences, but were bequeathed a common legacy as result of the Revolution.

Defining Documents offers a broad range of historical documents on important authors and subjects in American history. Each two-volume title, designed in consultation with an expert in the field, contains approximately 80 primary source documents with an in-depth critical analysis. A

The Salem Witch Trials is based on over twenty-five years of original archival research (including the author's discovery of previously unknown documents), as well as on newly found cases and court records. From January 1692 to January 1697, this history unfolds a nearly day-by-day narrative of the crisis as the citizens of New England experienced it, while providing details of the communal, colonial, and international events that influenced the witch scare and trials.

This historical narrative of the Salem witch trials takes its dialogue from actual trial records but applies modern psychiatric knowledge to the witchcraft hysteria. Starkey's sense of drama also vividly recreates the atmosphere of pity and terror that fostered the evil and suffering of this human tragedy.

A study of the Salem witch trials applies contemporary psychology to the hysteria of the late 1600s, analyzing the Puritan mind and linking the trials to the "witch hunts" of the twentieth century

What was it like to be there and, if you were lucky, to live through it? In a this combination of narrative and historical research, the author, a Salem Witch Trial scholar brings the terrifying times to life while illuminating the lives of the accused, the accusers, and the afflicted.

The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were the largest and deadliest outbreak of witchcraft accusations in colonial America. Fueled by mass hysteria, religious fears, and social tensions, the trials led to the execution of 19 people. This event remains one of the most mysterious and studied episodes in American history.

Includes many lesser-known primary sources, a number of which are translated into English here for the first time incorporating perspectives from across class, gender, race and nationality. Provides insights into the fervent debates, pronouncements and proposals that spawned modern politics.

"French Revolution: The Basics" offers a succinct overview of the French Revolution, from its causes to Napoleon's rise. It blends narrative, contemporary documents, and imagery to examine the revolution's impact, emphasizing historical concepts like cause and effect and continuity. Key discussions include societal structure pre-1789, the revolution's causes, the role of common people, and the major reforms leading to division and radicalization. This book serves as an accessible introduction for those keen to understand this pivotal event's influence on modern Europe.

and the Effect it Has Produced in Europe
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Tr. by Mrs. M. Carey

The Emergence of Modern America offers in-depth critical analysis of 60 primary source documents. Articles begin by introducing readers to the document's historical context, followed by a description of the author's life and circumstances in which the document was written. A document analysis, written by professional writers and historians, guides readers in understanding key elements of language, rhetoric, and social and political meaning that define the significance of the author and document in American history.